{"id":9976,"date":"2022-03-17T11:43:15","date_gmt":"2022-03-17T11:43:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/?p=9976"},"modified":"2022-03-17T11:46:07","modified_gmt":"2022-03-17T11:46:07","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%84%d8%b2-%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%86%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%8e%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d9%92%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%91%d9%8e%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/?p=9976","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0646\u0632: \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0652\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629
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\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u064e\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2014 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0650\u0646 (\u0623\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0646\u064e\u062f\u064a\u0629) 98 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u064e\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u064a\u063a\u064f\u0634\u0651\u064f \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u0623\u064e\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2019 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0650\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0643 (\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064f\u0647\u0627) \u0648\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1879.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0650\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644: “\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0642\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u0623\u064e\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064b\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064e\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0651\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0650\u0644\u0650\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0650\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064e\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0650\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a”.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0631\u0649: “\u0644\u0648 \u0642\u064f\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064e\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 “\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643” (1865) \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0633\u0637\u0631: “\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064f\u0643\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0646\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064e\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0636\u064e\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0633\u0642\u0652\u0637\u0629\u064d \u0623\u064e\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064d \u0623\u064e\u0648 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629\u064d \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064e\u0638\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0633\u062a\u064f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0643\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u062a\u064e \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a”.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631:<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0646\u0632 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0646\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064e\u0648\u062c \u0645\u062c\u062f\u0647<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. \u0636\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0632\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a 17 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u06a4\u0645\u0628\u0631 1879\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0646\u0632 (1815- 1879) \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0646\u0632 (1812 – 1872) \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0639\u064e\u062a \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u062a\u064e\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u064f\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0629\u064b: Continue reading \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0646\u0632: \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0652\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629
    \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a 143 – \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0621 15 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2022<\/span>→<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[259],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9976"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9976"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9976\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9977,"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9976\/revisions\/9977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9976"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9976"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9976"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}