{"id":9858,"date":"2022-01-05T07:44:42","date_gmt":"2022-01-05T07:44:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/?p=9858"},"modified":"2022-01-05T07:44:42","modified_gmt":"2022-01-05T07:44:42","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%b3%d9%85%d9%8f-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a9%d8%9f-%d8%a3%d9%8e%d9%85-%d9%86%d8%b1%d8%ac%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%91%d9%8e%d8%a9%d8%9f-2-%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/?p=9858","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u061f \u0623\u064e\u0645 \u0646\u0631\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u061f (2 \u0645\u0646 3)
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a 123 – \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0621 4 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2022"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0632\u063a\u064a\u0628<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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    \n
  1. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0628<\/span><\/strong>\u0652<\/strong>\u0631\u0650\u062e\u0652\u062a\u0652 \u062f\u064f\u0648\u0631\u0650\u0631<\/strong> <\/span>(1471-1521) \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0652\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 (50 \u0633\u0646\u0629). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064e\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0647 “\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647”. \u0623\u064e\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062e – \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0650\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06a4\u0646\u062a\u0634\u064a <\/strong><\/span>(1452-1519) \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1512 \u0631\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642: “\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u062d\u0645\u0631”. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648.<\/li>\n
  3. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a <\/strong>\u063a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u06a4 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647<\/strong><\/span> (1819-1877) \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0639\u0648\u0631” \u0647\u064a \u0623\u064e\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u064e\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1845\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0626\u0630\u064d \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0624\u064e\u0633\u0633\u064a \u062a\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/strong><\/li>\n
  4. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0647<\/span> <\/strong>(1840 – 1926) \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1886\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u064c \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0630\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/li>\n
  5. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a <\/strong>\u067e\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/span> (1848-1903) \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1889 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u064e\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u064e\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0640\u0623\u0652\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0647 \u0625\u0650\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0648\u064e\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u064e\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 – \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646.<\/li>\n
  6. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u06a4\u0646\u0633\u0646\u062a \u06a4\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u062e <\/strong><\/span>(1853-1890). \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629” \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0626\u0630\u064d\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u06a4\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u062e \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u064e\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0623\u0652\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064e\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062f\u064e \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064f\u0630\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1889. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648 – \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646.<\/li>\n
  7. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/span> (1839-1906). \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1880 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a – \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 – \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0634\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u067e\u0633 – \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646.<\/li>\n
  8. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u064a \u067e\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0648<\/span> <\/strong>(1881-1973). \u0627\u0634\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0652\u0642 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u064e\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u064e\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064e\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1907 \u0644\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0639\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0652\u0646\u064a – \u067e\u0652\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0627\u063a.<\/li>\n
  9. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0652\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648<\/strong><\/span> (1907- 1954) \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u064e\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 “\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0642 \u0628\u0647”. \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a\u0652\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1940 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u064e\u0633\u0649. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633.<\/li>\n
  10. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0650\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0644\u06a4\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/span> (1904-1989) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064e\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064f\u0647\u0627 “\u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f” \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1941 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0630\u0642\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064d \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0631\u064d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064e\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u062d\u0651\u064f\u0635\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0646\u064f \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064f\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u063a\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0631\u0650\u0633 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627).<\/li>\n
  11. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0643\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0644 <\/strong><\/span>(1894-1978) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u064e\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “\u0625\u0650\u064a\u06a4\u0646\u0646\u063a \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a” \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a 13 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1960\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f 44 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631\u064e\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064e\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0625\u0650\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u064e\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0652\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0652\u0628\u0652\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0652\u062c\u0652 – \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u064e\u0631:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0628\u0652\u0631\u0650\u062e\u0652\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0650\u0631<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0646\u062a\u0634\u064a<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. \u063a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. \u0643\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0647<\/span><\/li>\n
    5. \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/li>\n
    6. \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u062e<\/span><\/li>\n
    7. \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/li>\n
    8. \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0648<\/span><\/li>\n
    9. \u0641\u0652\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648<\/span><\/li>\n
    10. \u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/span><\/li>\n
    11. \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0643\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0632\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 (“\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a” – 31 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021) \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u062a\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0623\u064e\u0646 \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629\u064d \u0623\u064e\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0650\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 Continue reading \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u061f \u0623\u064e\u0645 \u0646\u0631\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u061f (2 \u0645\u0646 3)
      \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a 123 – \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0621 4 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2022<\/span>→<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[259],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9858"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9858"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9858\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9860,"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9858\/revisions\/9860"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9858"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9858"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9858"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}