{"id":10345,"date":"2022-11-04T17:27:53","date_gmt":"2022-11-04T17:27:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/?p=10345"},"modified":"2022-11-04T17:27:53","modified_gmt":"2022-11-04T17:27:53","slug":"%d8%ad%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%8f-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%85-1-%d9%85%d9%86-2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/?p=10345","title":{"rendered":"\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 (1 \u0645\u0646 2)
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a 208 – \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 28 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2022"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0632\u063a\u064a\u0628<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0652\u0628\u0647. \u0625\u0650\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064f \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0652\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 (\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064e\u064a\u0646 (\u0623\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0644 (\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0631\u064a\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064f \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0621 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a” \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 14 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064f \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0647 (1840 – 1926) <\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0633\u0646\u0629 1873 \u0631\u0633\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0622\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0652\u064a\u0652 Argenteuil<\/a> (\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u064f\u0643\u0652\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064f \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1871. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0651\u0650\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u0652\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0626\u0630\u064d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062e\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0642\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1871 \u0625\u0650\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u0652\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0650\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0631 (1867-1947)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064e\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u064f\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646”\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (1888-1900). \u0646\u0642\u0644\u064e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0623\u064e\u062b\u0651\u064f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 (1839-1906) \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 (1848-1903). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0652\u0631 \u062a\u064e\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639 \u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064c \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a <\/strong>\u0641\u0646\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u062e (1853-1890)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u062e \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0648 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0646: \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064e\u0648\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064e\u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0637\u064f\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0652\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0650\u0631 (1846-1924) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0628\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0650\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0640\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0632\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646”. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0622\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064e\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a (\u0645. 1937)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 “\u062a\u064a\u062a” (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064e\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0644 (1776-1837) \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u0625\u0650\u0630 \u062a\u0623\u064e\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0650\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0623\u064e\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0652\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0652\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0651\u064f\u0648 \u0623\u064f\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a (1887-1986)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u0627\u0634\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0632\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u064e\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0623\u064e\u0632\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u0643\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0650\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0632\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0643\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u064e\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u063a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u0652\u062a\u0652 (1862-1918)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647 “\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0627” \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u064e\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u064f\u062e\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u0640\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u0652\u062a\u0652 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0650\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629” \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0651\u0650\u0631 (1882-1967)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u064e\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631. \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062a\u064f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 “\u0623\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u062f” (\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633) \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1930 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0623\u0652\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b. \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0650\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0637\u0652\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n

                \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641.<\/strong><\/span>
                \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n

                –\u00a0\u00a0 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0647: “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064e\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0652\u064a” (1873)<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0631: “\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641” (1912)<\/span><\/li>\n
                2. \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u062e: “\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641” (1883)<\/span><\/li>\n
                3. \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a: “\u0623\u064e\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641” (2006)<\/span><\/li>\n
                4. \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u064f\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a: “\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0634\u062c\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629”<\/span><\/li>\n
                5. \u063a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u0652\u062a: “\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641” (1902)<\/span><\/li>\n
                6. \u0625\u0650\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0651\u0631: “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u062f” (1946)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0632\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0652\u0628\u0647. \u0625\u0650\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064f \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0652\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 (\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064e\u064a\u0646 (\u0623\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0644 (\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0631\u064a\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0634\u0647\u0631 Continue reading \u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 (1 \u0645\u0646 2)
                  \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a 208 – \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 28 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2022<\/span>→<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[259],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10345"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10345"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10345\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10346,"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10345\/revisions\/10346"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.henrizoghaib.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}